Sociodemographic | Multivariable | Univariable | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | p value | ||
Lower | Upper | |||||
Community pharmacy | ||||||
Kubwa (Reference) | .134 | < .001* | ||||
Utako | 1.62 | .96 | 2.72 | .067 | 1.37 | 0.169 |
Yaba | 1.30 | .86 | 1.95 | .200 | 1.55 | 0.010* |
Lekki | 1.93 | 1.02 | 3.64 | .041* | 3.02 | < .001* |
Ajegunle | .91 | .45 | 1.86 | .813 | 0.46 | 0.003* |
Sex | ||||||
Male (Reference) | ||||||
Female | 1.16 | .86 | 1.56 | .329 | 1.16 | 0.241 |
Age (yrs.) | ||||||
18–24 (Reference) | .317 | 0.002* | ||||
25–34 | 1.54 | 1.01 | 2.36 | .045* | 1.88 | < .001* |
35–44 | 1.33 | .80 | 2.20 | .261 | 1.58 | 0.019* |
45–54 | 1.96 | 1.02 | 3.76 | .041* | 2.38 | 0.001* |
55–64 | 1.53 | .59 | 3.94 | .379 | 1.68 | 0.139 |
Above 64 | 1.29 | .35 | 4.70 | .697 | 3.4 | 0.012* |
Education Status | ||||||
No formal education (Reference) | .044 | < .001* | ||||
Primary | .42 | .11 | 1.63 | .214 | 0.70 | 0.534 |
Secondary | .30 | .09 | .97 | .044* | 1.01 | 0.978 |
Tertiary | .48 | .15 | 1.50 | .209 | 2.65 | 0.023* |
Marital Status | ||||||
Single (Reference) | .114 | 0.035* | ||||
Married | 1.32 | .91 | 1.92 | .137 | 1.33 | 0.037* |
Divorced/Separated | .58 | .24 | 1.37 | .218 | 0.57 | 0.131 |
Widowed | 1.89 | .61 | 5.90 | .268 | 1.56 | 0.307 |
Occupation | ||||||
Unemployed (Reference) | .101 | < .001* | ||||
Self employed | .85 | .53 | 1.36 | .499 | 1.19 | 0.383 |
Government Employed | 1.15 | .66 | 2.02 | .603 | 1.93 | 0.005* |
Private Employed | 1.43 | .87 | 2.34 | .154 | 2.91 | < .001* |
Retired | 1.28 | .38 | 4.25 | .681 | 2.70 | 0.021* |
Residence | ||||||
Rural | ||||||
Urban | 1.45 | 1.01 | 2.08 | .043* | 1.92 | < .001* |
Religion | ||||||
Christianity (Reference) | .087 | < .001* | ||||
Islam | .62 | 1.01 | 2.08 | .027* | 0.58 | 0.002* |
Others | .85 | 1.01 | 2.08 | .623 | 0.30 | < .001* |
Ethnic Affiliation | ||||||
Yoruba (Reference) | .344 | 0.079 | ||||
Igbo | 1.22 | .83 | 1.78 | .305 | 1.21 | 0.235 |
Hausa | 1.32 | .74 | 2.37 | .344 | 0.70 | 0.147 |
Others | .87 | .57 | 1.32 | .520 | 0.80 | 0.220 |
Last time antibiotic was used (N = 964) | ||||||
Last month (Reference) | .068 | 0.031* | ||||
Last 3 months | 1.16 | .76 | 1.75 | .477 | 1.34 | 0.118 |
Last 6 months | 1.29 | .84 | 1.99 | .243 | 1.34 | 0.125 |
> 1 year | 2.08 | 1.24 | 3.47 | .005* | 1.95 | 0.002* |
Can't remember | 1.51 | .91 | 2.51 | .111 | 1.09 | 0.666 |
Last place antibiotic was retrieved (N = 959) | ||||||
Pharmacy (Reference) | .243 | < .001* | ||||
Patent medicine store/Chemist | .65 | .40 | 1.06 | .089 | 0.44 | < .001* |
Friend or family member | .59 | .27 | 1.27 | .180 | 0.29 | < .001* |
Can't remember | .92 | .49 | 1.72 | .815 | 0.58 | 0.022* |
Health professional recommendation | ||||||
Yes (Reference) | .093 | < .001* | ||||
No | .68 | .46 | 1.01 | .060 | 0.57 | 0.001* |
Can't remember | .65 | .39 | 1.09 | .104 | 0.47 | < .001* |